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What is ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce)?

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Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

Theme:

ONDC is launched in 31 December 2021 to enhance the digital ecosystem and to streamline the process of online retail operations and making it an effective choice for open networks.
ONDC

What is ONDC?

It is an open protocol network that connects various local businesses, like transportation, grocery, food delivery, hotels, and travel, making them accessible to any app on the network.

An Overview of ONDC:

The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is a bold initiative by the Government of India, aiming to revolutionize the digital commerce ecosystem by establishing a standardized and secure platform for digital transactions. In a country where over 12 million individuals derive their livelihood from dealing or reselling products and services, only about 15,000 merchants, constituting a mere 0.125% of the total, are currently involved in e-commerce.

Key Objectives of ONDC:

Standardised Platform:
It aims to create a standardised platform, ensuring a level playing field for all participants in the digital commerce space. This not only fosters fair competition but also streamlines the overall process of online transactions.

Inclusive Participation:
The heart of this mission lies in inclusive participation. It strives to bridge the gap, allowing merchants from diverse backgrounds, especially those in small municipalities and rural areas, to actively engage in online retail.

ONDC

Safe and Secure Transactions:
Emphasising the importance of trust in digital transactions, It has an strong focus on ensuring the safety and security of deals conducted through its platform. This commitment is crucial to building confidence among merchants and consumers alike.
The Open Network for Digital Commerce acknowledges a unique occasion to elevate-retail presence from the current 4.3 to its maximum eventuality in India. Our charge is to significantly boost-commerce availability across the nation by easing the inclusive participation of merchandisers of all types and sizes.

In December 2021, ONDC was established as a Section 8 company, with the Quality Council of India and Protean eGov Technologies Limited serving as Founding Members. Also, other institutions have invested in ONDC.

Pros of ONDC:

1) Interoperability: It supports interoperability, allowing different e-commerce platforms and service providers to easily change data.

2) Fair Competition: By establishing standardized protocol it aims to produce a field for both large and small players in thee-commerce request.

3) Data Security : It maintains data security and sequestration. enforcing standardized protocols can enhance the protection of consumer data and make trust in deals.

4)Transparency: Open networks often prioritize transparency, enabling users to have better visibility into how data is collected, used, and shared. This can build trust among users.

5)Community Collaboration: Open networks often involve collaborative efforts from a community of developers, businesses, and users.

ONDC

Challenges:

1) Technical Implementation Issues: The transition to a standardized system across diverse e-commerce platforms may encounter technical challenges, leading to potential disruptions.
2) Balancing Act: Striking a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring compliance with regulations poses a regulatory challenge for the implementation of ONDC.

Opportunities:

1)Redefining Digital Commerce: It presents an opportunity to redefine the landscape of digital commerce in India, offering a standardized and more efficient system.
2)Dynamic and Inclusive Ecosystem: The initiative has the potential to foster a dynamic and inclusive digital commerce ecosystem by encouraging interoperability and fair competition.
3)Catalyst for Positive Change: By promoting data security and transparency, this could act as a catalyst for positive change, influencing the economic landscape of the country.

Conclusion:

The Open Network for Digital Commerce aims to boost digital business using government-supported open networks, making things more efficient in India. But, we need to think about the challenges and possible downsides carefully. To make it work well, everyone – businesses, rules makers, and the government – must work together. Finding the right balance between new ideas, fair competition, and keeping consumers safe is crucial for the digital business to grow steadily.

References:
The Hindu: How to shop using ONDC?

Paytm: What Is ONDC and How to Place an Order?

Also Read:
Worldcoin: The 1st Revolutionary Digital Currency

Operation Ajay: Bringing Indians Home Amid Israel-Hamas War

Five eyes Alliance

The Five Eyes Alliance: Global Spy Team

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The Five Eyes Alliance: Global Spy Team

Theme:

Due to diplomatic difficulties between Canada and India—Canada alleging that it has received intelligence from the Five Eyes Alliance against India—the Five Eyes intelligence cooperation has recently attracted notice. The “Five Eyes” alliance is made up of the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It is a big deal in the world of intelligence. It started during World War II and has become a crucial player in keeping the world safe.

Understanding the Five Eyes Alliance:

● Historical Origins: The alliance began between the US and the UK to share signals and intelligence during World War II. Later, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand joined in, making it a long-lasting partnership.
● Mechanism for Sharing Intelligence: These countries closely work together, especially in sharing signals intelligence (SIGINT). They boost their combined intelligence by sharing databases and coordinating surveillance.
● Echelon Method: The alliance uses a system called ECHELON for signal intelligence. It’s a bit controversial because it’s super secretive, raising concerns about privacy and civil liberties.
● National Security Impact: By sharing intelligence, the alliance helps prevent terrorism, defend against cyber threats, and maintain stability globally. It makes member countries safer by handling new security issues and responding quickly to crises.

 

The Role of Five Eyes in Business and Economy:

  • Economic Intelligence: Besides security, the alliance also does economic intelligence, tracking economic actions that can affect its member nations. This indirectly benefits businesses operating in these countries.
  •  Cybersecurity Partnerships: The alliance plays a big role in cybersecurity operations, which is super helpful for businesses, especially those dealing with sensitive information.
  • Trade and Business Perspectives: The alliance’s intelligence is crucial for companies involved in cross-border trade. It helps with things like studying market trends, managing risks, and supporting business growth.

The India-Canada Standoff:

The Five Eyes’ power globally took a new turn with recent information about its role in the Canada-India issue. The secret information shared played a big part in Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s accusations against the Indian government.
● Attempts at Working Together: The US Ambassador saying the information didn’t come only from Canada shows how the Five Eyes work together.
Revelation: This shows the alliance has a big information network.
● Consequences and Future Trends: By admitting to sharing information, the alliance might help solve global fights. As long as problems go on, the Five Eyes could give more information for a better understanding of the situation.

The Future of Global Intelligence:

The recent events in the India-Canada issue show the alliance’s big role in shaping global stories and stress how important it is to think carefully about future expansions while dealing with the complicated world of global spying.

 

Using the Five Eyes Landscape to Advance Your Career:

Possibilities for Intelligence Agencies: The alliance offers job opportunities for those interested in intelligence careers, especially in analysis, planning, and policy-making.
● Opportunities in the Private Sector: Business graduates have chances in the private sector, thanks to the alliance’s focus on economic intelligence. Companies dealing with sensitive information often seek experts aware of the geopolitical environment.
● Technology and Cybersecurity Roles: Those with experience in technology management and cybersecurity are in demand because of the alliance’s emphasis on cybersecurity.

Conclusion:

the Five Eyes Alliance contributes significantly to global intelligence while addressing current issues like privacy and openness. Recent discoveries emphasize its important influence on global issues, highlighting the need for careful adaptation and upholding public confidence.
The association also provides employment opportunities in the fields of economic research, cybersecurity, and intelligence. The ability to balance its mission with shifting global expectations will determine its destiny.

Also Read :

OTT VS Theatre

chandrayaan-3-indias-leap-to-the-moon

References: 

 

Operation Ajay: Bringing Indians Home Amid Israel-Hamas War

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Operation Ajay: Bringing Indians Home Amid Israel-Hamas War

Theme:

In the heat of the Israel-Hamas conflict in 2023, India has begun Operation Ajay, a vital mission. However, what is Operation Ajay exactly, and why is it taking place? Allow me to explain it simply.

Operation Ajay
Operation Ajay

What is Operation Ajay?

The Indian government launched Operation Ajay, which is similar to a heroic mission, to save its citizens from the conflict zones in Israel and Palestine. The main objective of the mission is to reunite Indian nationals who are presently residing in places impacted by the conflict between Israel and Hamas with their country.

Why is it happening?

1. India began to worry about the security of its 18,000 people, who were traders, professionals, and students, as hostilities between these two locations intensified.
2. Dr. S. Jaishankar, the Indian Minister of External Affairs, even warned Indians living in Israel to exercise caution.
3. Operation Ajay was launched after India determined it was necessary to act as the situation worsened. Not only is it a means of saving lives, but it’s also an opportunity for India to reassure its residents living abroad that they have their backs during difficult times.

When did it start?

On October 7, 2023, the fifth day of the Israel-Hamas conflict saw the start of Operation Ajay.

Operation Ajay
Operation Ajay

How does it work?

  • India established a round-the-clock control room in Ramallah, Tel Aviv, and New Delhi. Consider it akin to a hotline, where Indians in need can contact for assistance.
  • In addition, the Indian government made contact information available to the public via email and phone numbers.
    In this endeavor, special charter flights are the superheroes. To return our fellow countrymen from Israel, they are taking off on a plane.
  • And here’s the thing: the Indian Navy may intervene and send ships to aid in the evacuation if the scenario becomes any more difficult.
  • It’s about people, not just numbers: traders, professionals, and students.
  • Operation Ajay is a repatriation effort rather than an evacuation effort. Thus, the goal is to return to our parents home in a safe manner.

Evacuation Details (as of October 18, 2023)

  • The fifth flight of Operation Ajay successfully landed in Delhi, carrying 286 Indian nationals, including 18 citizens of Nepal. This is the most recent event in the operation.
  • The Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairy, L. Murugan, welcomed them enthusiastically upon their arrival.
  • The Indian government is resolute in its efforts to bring back Indians who have been trapped in conflict areas, as stated by Minister L. Murugan:1,180 people have returned to their country of origin.
  • The passengers who profited from this evacuation endeavor expressed their appreciation as well.

    Operation Ajay
    Operation Ajay
  • Passenger Vishal, hailing from Haifa, Israel, conveyed gratitude to the Indian embassy and acknowledged the support extended by the Indian government.
    Another Indian national, Ramesh, expressed gratitude for the assistance provided by the Indian Embassy in Israel.
  • The operation provides support to neighboring countries in addition to Indian residents. After being evacuated, Ambika, a citizen of Nepal, thanked the Indian government for their efforts and emphasized the dire situation in Israel.
  • The Nepalese ambassador to India also conveyed his gratitude, adding that the government of Nepal is attempting to repatriate its residents who have been living in Israel.

Persistent Work and Assistance:

  • Helping Indian nationals in need is a major responsibility of the Indian embassy in Israel, which also operates a helpline.
  • Minister of State for External Affairs V Muraleedharan added that further flights might be run in light of how things develop. He pointed to the five planes that had landed in the last few days.
  • In light of the growing tension, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has established a 24-hour control room to keep an eye on the situation and offer guidance and support.
  • Indian nationals living in Israel are advised by the MEA to exercise caution and to register their names with the Indian embassy.

Conclusion:

To save its people from a difficult situation, Operation Ajay is comparable to India dispatching its own Avengers. During these difficult times, the government is prepared for any emergency and is primarily concerned with making sure that Indian residents of Israel are safe and secure. This mission serves as a reminder that Indians, wherever they may be, can always count on their nation to support them in times of need.

Also Read:
Chandrayaan – 3: India’s leap to the Moon

OTT VS Theatre

Will Threads Kill Twitter?

References:
https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-ajay-israel-hamas-war-survivors-recount-horror-says-they-destroyed-everything-11697597243037.html

 

 

E-learning in 2023 - Pros and Cons

E-learning in 2023 – Pros and Cons

2 Comments / Current Topics, Easy Topics, General Interest, Management Topics, Medium Level Topics, New Topics, Uncategorized / By

E-learning in 2023 – Pros and Cons

Theme:

Covid-19 and thе digitalization of thе world has massivеly increased thе popularity and nеcеssity that is е-lеarning.  E-lеarning is booming as almost еvеry topic,  no mattеr how nichе,  can be accessed onlinе and in your favouritе swеatpants.  Author and е-learning rеsеarchеr Donna J.  Abеrnathy says:

“Onlinе lеarning is not thе nеxt big thing, it is thе big thing now.”

Some advantages of е-lеarning may sееm obvious,  but what arе thе disadvantages, and for whom is е-lеarning suitablе? In this article,  we will discuss both thе pros and cons and prеsеnt some tips for bеttеr lеarning succеss with a glimpsе into thе futurе оf е-learning. 

E-learning in 2023 - Pros and Cons
E-learning in 2023 – Pros and Cons

What is thе dеfinition of “E-Lеarning”?

E-lеarning,  also known as onlinе lеarning or еlеctronic lеarning,  rеfеrs to thе acquisition of knowledge through thе usе of electronic technologies and media channels.  

In a simplеr language,  е-learning is defined as “electronically еnаblеd learning” that range from thе countless “how-to” vidеos on YouTubе to е-learning platforms of universities or entire onlinе study programs and digital mastеrclassеs.  

In gеnеral,  е-learning is carried out on thе internet  whеrе lеarning matеrials arе availablе at any timе and any placе. 

 

What are the 5 biggest advantages of E-Learning?

Flexibility

The first advantage of e-learning is flexibility in terms of time and place. Learning content is usually made available in short modules and can be paused at any time. Whether you log on while commuting, at work, or during your free time- the learning material can be easily made part of your daily routine. Even if you miss a live online workshop, written summaries or a video of the session are usually available to be downloaded. E-learning is therefore ideal for people working or in education, or simply people who want to know more about their favorite hobbies or interests. 

Availability

The organization of teaching content at universities is almost unimaginable without platforms such as Moodle and Blackboard, but online courses also save vast amounts of time in the private sector. Without physical limitations, anyone with Internet access can simultaneously access learning opportunities – provided that the servers are stable to withstand.

Efficiency

Since e-learning packages adapt to the individual learner, the time required to complete a course is significantly reduced. Conventional courses are designed to meet the needs of the entire group. But rarely does a single person need everything that is offered to the group. And, of course, there is no need to travel to the course.

Low Cost

An e-learning package can be reused as often as the user wishes without additional costs. In addition, there are numerous free course offers as well as “freemium access”. Since e-learning usually allows more course participants at the same time, it is often less expensive than conventional learning offerings.

Mobile

E-learning takes place wherever you want! All you need is an internet connection. Learning materials, tutorials, transcripts – everything is stored in digital cyberspace and cannot be lost with a good backup.

These advantages alone show the near-unlimited potential of e-learning. Nevertheless, there are also numerous reasons why traditional learning methods are far from obsolete. 

E-learning in 2023 – Pros and Cons

What are the 5 biggest disadvantages of E-Learning?

Internet connection

The most obvious problem is certainly a lack of Internet access and this still affects over 40% of the world’s population. There can be problems with high-speed Internet, insufficient data volume, or connection problems that cannot be fixed straight away.

Discipline

If you can learn anytime and anywhere,  it is so easy to procrastinate. For many, learning in a separate environment is an important factor to discipline as well as being in the same room with other people that are learning with you awakens ambition and openness to new ideas.

Distraction

There is much more to discover on the Internet than just the learning material. Moreover, you are usually online on your email account or social media at the same time. In addition, partners, roommates, and children tend to disturb and make noise at home. It requires a lot of planning and concentration to stay focused in such an environment.

Social isolation

Working at home, learning at home, living at home – the social aspects of life are still important for children to gain social intelligence and develop healthy relationship patterns.

Practical knowledge

While teaching theoretical knowledge online is feasible, many people still find the training of practical skills unsatisfactory. For example, during an online dance lesson, your arm position can’t be corrected, steps while dancing can only be observed to a limited extent, and movement sequences can only be controlled inaccurately.

Despite the drawbacks, experts can agree: the advantages will override the disadvantages and will only improve in the future. 

E - Learning

The Future of E-Learning:

  • E-Lеarning Markеt is Projеctеd to Hit USD 848. 12 Billion at a CAGR of 17. 54% by 2030 – Rеport by Facts & Factors (FnF).
  • The global E-Learning markеt sizе was valuеd at USD 210.1 billion in 2021 and is еxpеctеd to surpass USD 848. 12 billion by 2030,  rеgistеring a CAGR of 17. 54% during thе forеcast pеriod (2022- 2030),  as highlighted in a rеport publishеd by Facts & Factors. 
    The U.S. alone accounts for over 31% of mobile learning expenditures in the global market.
  • The US government spent over $2.6 billion on eLearning products for its staff.
  • Video web activity accounts for over 80% of all online activity, with the majority being educational or training clips.
  • Based on a study published in the International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, the share of AI in the e-learning sector will increase by about 49% in the next 5 years and further improve performance.

Conclusion:

The only way to make use of E-learning is to be consistent in the course or learning material.

The goal must be to make e-learning a routine that has a fixed place in your weekly schedule. Therefore, it is also important to enter concrete times in your calendar and thus give the learning progress the necessary priority in your everyday life.

For References:
https://bloggingwizard.com/online-learning-advantages-disadvantages/
https://corp.kaltura.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-online-classes/
https://distanceeducationschool.com/blog/e-learning-pros-and-cons-complete-information-2023/
Also Read:
https://mbagdtopics.com/has-education-in-india-become-a-business/
https://mbagdtopics.com/online-education-pros-and-cons/
https://mbagdtopics.com/effectiveness-of-indian-b-schools-2023/
individualism-vs-collectivism

Collectivism vs Individualism – Which is Strong?

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Collectivism vs Individualism – Which is Strong?

Theme:

Collectivism vs Individualism both the organizations are alike; however, many implement either collectivism or individualism in their company culture. Some promote independence and let employees think for themselves. Others emphasize interdependence, groupthink and interpersonal relationships.

In the US, where individualism is highly-valued, employees can make decisions, be self-reliant and be held accountable for their actions. But in Japan, where collectivism is the primary ideology adopted by businesses, organizations place more emphasis on cooperation and teamwork.

Collectivist vs Indivualism
Collectivist vs Indivualism

Example of Collectivism vs Individualism:

  • Collectivism views people as a group, unlike individualism, where each person is considered a distinct individual.
  • Business owners and managers must decide what company culture to implement for long-term growth and success that aligns with their organization’s goals.
  • For example, lean production or lean manufacturing derived from Toyota’s “The Toyota Way” operating model reveals that collectivism is more effective than individualism.
  • According to James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones, lean is a way to do more and more with less and less (human effort, space, and time). (Lean Thinking, 2003)

 

What is Individualism?

  • Individualism is a value or political view which focuses on human independence and freedom. It is generally against external interferences regarding personal choices. Research on decision-making concluded that those with higher levels of individualism tend to be more rational than those with higher levels of collectivism (Le Febvre & Franke, 2013). Societies with individualist cultures view people as autonomous and prioritize uniqueness. Individualism disagrees that religion and tradition can dictate individuals’ limitations.
  • It contradicts the views of collectivism which gives prime importance to interdependence and conventionality. The term was reportedly first used as a defamatory term, largely in the sense of political individualism which theorizes that the government should merely take a defensive role by shielding the individual’s liberty to act as how he wants to as long as he also respects the other individual’s freedom.
Collectivism vs Individualism
Individualism

What is Collectivism?

  • On the other hand, collectivism stresses group goals and group thinking; thus, collectivism values what is best for personal relationships and the entire group over the individuals that are part of it.
  • Collectivist motivators are group goals and a shared mindset/values.
  • The collectivists are willing to sacrifice personal benefit for the team’s success.
  • Collectivism clusters can be found in Latin America; Arab countries; Southern and Confucian Asia; and Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • This idea is the exact opposite of individualism. Collectivists often sacrifice their personal goals and values for the greater good of the group because they believe in the mission the organization strives towards.
collectivism vs individualism
Collectivism

Some data points to be known:

  • According to the World Values Survey, individualistic values tend to be greater popular in Western countries. Countries just like the United States, Canada, Australia, and Western European international locations frequently rated higher on individualism indices.
  • The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) document indicates that individualistic cultures have a tendency to have higher prices of entrepreneurial interest. Countries along with the USA, Australia, and the United Kingdom, which emphasize personal autonomy and entrepreneurship, regularly have better charges for new commercial enterprise creation.
  • The Hofstede Insights’ Individualism Index ranks international countries based totally on their tiers of collectivism. As of 2022, some of the countries with higher ranges of collectivism have been China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Mexico.
  • The World Values Survey shows that collectivist values are regularly more every day in Asian, African, and Latin American countries. These cultures have a tendency to prioritize social harmony, circle of relatives cohesion, and community well-being over personal aspirations.
  • India is generally considered to have a collectivist cultural orientation. Collectivism is deeply rooted in Indian society and is influenced by cultural, religious, and historical factors.

Pros and Cons of Individualism:

Pros:
  • Personal Freedom: Individualism promotes non-public freedom and autonomy, allowing people to make their very own picks and pursue their personal desires without excessive interference from the collective. This can result in extra non-public fulfilment and self-expression.
  • Innovation and Creativity: Individualism encourages independent wondering and creativity. When people are free to explicit their unique thoughts and talents, it fosters innovation and may lead to advancements in diverse fields such as technological know-how, era, and the arts.
  • Personal Responsibility: Individualism emphasizes non-public responsibility and accountability. Individuals are advocated to take ownership of their actions and results, which can foster a feeling of self-reliance and personal boom.
Cons:
  • Social Fragmentation: Excessive individualism can cause social fragmentation and isolation. When everyone prioritizes their own hobbies over collective well-being, it may prevent cooperation and harmony within society, potentially ensuing in social divisions and a loss of community love.
  • Inequality: Individualism can exacerbate socioeconomic inequality. The pursuit of private fulfilment and wealth accumulation might also cause the attention of resources and energy within the arms of a few, leaving others disadvantaged and marginalized.
  • Lack of Social Safety Nets: Individualism regularly downplays the position of collective responsibility and protection nets. The recognition of non-public autonomy and self-reliance can result in inadequate assistance systems for people who are prone to or dealing with hardships, along with the poor, disabled, or elderly.
Collectivism vs Individualism
Collectivism vs Individualism 

Pros and Cons of Collectivism:

Pros:
  • Social Cohesion: Collectivism promotes a sense of belonging and unity within a community or society. It emphasizes shared desires, cooperation, and collaboration, fostering social cohesion and collective identification.
  • Mutual Support: In collectivist societies, there is usually a strong emphasis on mutual assistance and welfare. People are much more likely to help one another, provide social protection nets, and cope with social inequalities, ensuring an extra equitable distribution of sources.
  • Cultural Preservation: Collectivism can assist preserve cultural traditions, values, and customs. By valuing collective identities and shared historical past, collectivist societies frequently prioritize the renovation and advertising of their cultural historical past.
Cons:
  • Limited Individual Freedom: Collectivism can restrict a person’s freedom and autonomy. The emphasis on institutional concord and conformity may additionally restrict character selections and self-expression, as people are expected to prioritize the interests of the collective over their own.
  • Suppression of Individuality: In collectivist societies, there may be stress to comply with group norms and suppress individuality. Uniqueness and diversity may be discouraged, doubtlessly stifling creativity and impartial wondering.
  • Groupthink and Conformity: Collectivism can result in groupthink and conformity. The stress to comply with collective critiques and choices can also discourage crucial questioning, dissent, and innovation, doubtlessly hindering progress and growth.

Conclusion:

In this article – Collectivism vs Individualism, you can balance individualism and collectivism in your organization. For instance, adopt the value of teamwork from collectivism while also encouraging individual creativity in each group member. In essence, consider a caring culture to gain a better insight into your employees’ values and priorities (individual creativity and innovation or the group’s well-being and success) and how they like to work (individually or in team settings).

For Reference: 
https://www.peoplehum.com/blog/culture-and-influence-in-the-workplace-collectivism-individualism

https://helpfulprofessor.com/collectivism-vs-individualism/

https://www.afsusa.org/study-abroad/culture-trek/culture-points/culture-points-individualism-and-collectivism/

Also Read: 

https://mbagdtopics.com/impact-of-social-media-on-youth/

https://mbagdtopics.com/is-social-media-a-boon-or-a-bane-for-society/

https://mbagdtopics.com/work-from-home-vs-work-from-office-which-is-better/

SVB

Silicon Valley’s Bank (SVB) Collapse 2023

1 Comment / Current Topics, Easy Topics, Economy & Bussiness, General Interest, Management Topics, Medium Level Topics, New Topics / By

Silicon Valley’s Bank (SVB) Collapse 2023

Theme:

The hard-hit tech sector first made information in past due 2022 and early 2023 with mass layoffs.  Over a period of just two days in March 2023, the bank went from solvent to broke as depositors rushed to SVB to withdraw their funds, resulting in federal regulators closing the bank on March 10, 2023.

Silicon Valley Bank shut down by regulators; assets seized - The Hindu

SVB’s collapse marked the second-largest bank failure in U.S. history after Washington Mutual’s in 2008. While bank failures aren’t uncommon, it’s rare to see banks of SVB’s size become insolvent. When these rare occurrences happen, questions arise about how they can be prevented.

What is Silicon Valley Bank?

SVB become founded in 1983 and become the sixteenth largest U.S. Bank before its collapse. They specialized in financing and banking for challenge capital-sponsored startup corporations — mainly technology organizations. Venture capital companies did enterprise there as well as several tech executives.

 

Based in Silicon Valley, SVB had property totalling $209 billion by the end of 2022, in step with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

Why have banks, such as Silicon Valley Bank, failed in 2023?

The collapse happened for multiple reasons, including a lack of diversification and a classic bank run, where many customers withdrew their deposits simultaneously due to fears of the bank’s solvency.
Many of SVB’s depositors were startup companies. They deposited large amounts of cash from investors because the tech was in high demand during the pandemic, said Jay Jung, founder and managing partner of Embarc Advisors.

Lack of diversification:
Silicon Valley Bank invested a large amount of bank deposits in long-term U.S. treasuries and agency mortgage-backed securities. However, bonds and treasury values fall when interest rates increase.

  • When the Federal Reserve hiked interest rates in 2022 to combat inflation, SVB’s bond portfolio started to drop. SVB would have recovered its capital if it held those bonds until their maturity date.
  • Silicon Valley Bank used to lend out money for short durations. However, in 2021, they shifted to long-term securities such as treasuries for more yield, and they did not protect their liabilities with short-term investments for quick liquidations. They were insolvent for months because they could not liquidate their assets without a large loss.
  • When economic factors hit the tech sector, many bank customers withdrew money as venture capital started drying up. SVB didn’t have the cash on hand to liquidate these deposits because they were tied up in long-term investments. They started selling their bonds at a significant loss, which caused distress to customers and investors.
  • Within 48 hours after disclosing the sale of assets, the bank collapsed.

Why Silicon Valley Bank Was Shuttered By US Regulators

Bank run:
When SVB announced their $1.75 billion capital raising on March 8, people became alarmed that the bank was short on capital. Word spread quickly on social media accounts such as Twitter and WhatsApp inducing panic that the bank didn’t have enough funds. Customers started to withdraw money in waves. SVB’s stock plummeted by 60% on March 9, 2023, after its capital-raising announcement. Some people are saying the bank run was Twitter-fueled.

  • California regulators shut the bank down on March 10, 2023, and placed SVB under the FDIC.
  • Unlike personal banking, SVB’s clients had much larger accounts. It didn’t take long for money to diminish during the bank run, with the escalating pace of withdrawals causing a snowball effect. Most customers had deposited more than the $250,000 FDIC limit.
  • Many startups left money in their SVB primary account instead of using other accounts — such as a money market — to pay expenditures. This means most of their working capital was mainly in their SVB account, and they needed access to their deposits for payroll and bills.

How could this collapse affect small businesses and the financial sector in the future?

  • Immediate panic may subside with the U.S. government’s guarantee of bank customer deposits. Stocks and financial futures increased after the guarantee by 1% to 2%. Before the guarantee, SVB customers were worried about paying employees, which would have upset the economy even more.
  • The larger questions involve the rising interest rates and if other banks are too invested in falling bond prices. The Federal Reserve created a new program named the Bank Term Funding Program, which provides loans to banks and credit unions for money tied into U.S. Treasury and mortgage-backed securities to meet the demands of customers. This program prevents banks from selling long-term government securities for a loss during stressful times.
  • The biggest concern right now is the technology sector, which has been hit with recessionary conditions, forcing larger tech companies to cut staff. Now one of their largest supporters has collapsed. Startups may face funding issues as management teams at other banks are scared to take the risk of the investment, Jung said.
  • In the broader scope, SVB’s collapse shows that financial management is necessary when times are good and bad. Jung said during a recessionary environment, companies need to take extra precautions with rising interest rates, supply chain issues and difficulties in raising capital.

Silicon Valley Bank - Wikipedia

Who is affected by the collapse?

  • SVB stockholders and investors took a big hit because, unlike customers, they were not backed by FDIC on their investments.
  • Other issues include a lack of money from deposits for immediate expenses such as payroll. Large tech companies with significant cash in SVB include Etsy, Roblox, Rocket Labs and Roku.
  • The FDIC insures most banks. However, the accounts were insured up to only $250,000. With company accounts, this is not much, as they may spend millions in a month.

Conclusion:

According to experts, money is safe in the banks as long as consumers take some precautions. People should plan accordingly and stay within the FDIC insurance limits and spread out accounts as much as possible, said Frank Arellano, founder and CEO of Revolv3, a subscription billing platform. He also said some banks are offering additional insurance above FDIC, and businesses and consumers should make sure all their deposits are insured.

Sillicon Valley Bank Collapase
Sillicon Valley Bank Collapase
Startups

Strong Tech Startups in India 2023

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Tech Startup Culture in India 2023

Theme:

While entrepreneurship includes all new businesses, including self-employment and businesses that do not intend to go public, startups are new businesses that want to grow significantly beyond the solo founder. A startup is a young company established by one or more entrepreneurs to create unique and irreplaceable products or services. It aims at bringing innovation and building ideas quickly. A startup or start-up is a company or project undertaken by an entrepreneur to seek, develop, and validate a scalable business model. Initially, startups face high uncertainty and have high rates of failure, but a minority of them do go on to be successful and influential.

News & Data on Startups:

A recent report published by CBI Insights concluded that India was among the world’s top 3 largest startup ecosystems, closely competing with the US and China. Indian startups received significant investment, with as much as USD 4.4 billion infused into various ventures between 2022-2023.

Furthermore, 2022 witnessed a rise of as many as 14,000 startups in India. With these figures in mind, it is evident that India is a hub for significant startup activity. There are mainly three main reasons that can be attributed to this. Such include,

  • Low-cost skilled labour
  • National and international funding
  • Growth opportunities

Startup India Scheme: A Government Initiative | Benefits

Startups & Flagships:

  • Startups have actively contributed to Government’s flagship programs such as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Smart Cities Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission, National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY scheme) to improve urban infrastructure and service provision.
  • Furthermore, DPIIT has recognised startups which are spread across 56 diversified sectors.
  • More than 15% of these startups are in sectors such as Agriculture, Healthcare & Lifesciences, Automotive, Telecommunication & Networking, Computer Vision, etc.
  • Over 7,000 recognised startups are in sectors like Construction, House-hold Services, Logistics, Real Estate and Transportation and Storage contributing towards urban concerns.

Top Successful Startups in India:

1. CRED- FinTech

  • Founded by Kunal Shah in 2018, CRED is a platform that facilitates all credit card payments.
  • CRED recently introduced a new feature called Coins, which gives users free coins each time they pay through the app.
  • Cash may be charged for supplies or workshop participation.
  • The startup is headquartered in Bangalore and has 11.2 million users.

2. Flipkart- eCommerce

  • Flipkart has become quite the household name in the Indian subcontinent.
  • It was first launched in 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. It amassed wealth and fame in a short span of time, thus making it of the top 10 startups in India.
  • Flipkart is an online marketplace where sellers and buyers can easily interact.
  • In return, Flipkart charges royalties for products sold through the platform.
  • Initially started as an online bookstore, Flipkart expanded to sell mobile phones, home goods, and more. With over 80 million items, there are categories.

3. OLA – Carriers

  • OLA, one of India’s top startups, is a leading ride-hailing company with 125+ million users.
  • It was first launched in 2010 by Ankita Bhati and Bhavish Agarwal.
  • Fast forward to 2019, the company acquired Food Panda and opened its first food delivery service.
  • For each vehicle booked on this platform, Ola charges taxi drivers a certain amount. Besides advertising and fancy subscriptions, this is its main source of income.

4. Meesho – Store

  • Meesho is a reseller platform that allows small businesses to connect with their target audience. It offers features such as logistics management and payments to vendors.
  • Founded by IIT Delhi alumni in 2015, it reached a market valuation of US$2.1 billion.

Overview on Start Up India Scheme|Rajput Jain & Associates

5. PharmEasy – Healthcare

  • Dharmil Sheth introduced PharmEasy in 2015 to digitise the healthcare industry. PharmEasy is a healthcare delivery platform that has simplified the whole healthcare setup in India.
  • It allows you to connect with local pharmacies and have medicines and health equipment delivered to your doorstep.

6. Nykaa – Beauty Retail

  • Launched in 2012, Nykaa has very quickly made its name among the best startups in India, and for all the right reasons. It is a home-grown startup store that typically sells products related to beauty, fashion, and wellness, both online and offline.
  • The idea was to make these products easily available to teenagers and young adults.

7. Zomato – Online Food Ordering

  • Founded in 2008 by Pankaj Chaddah and Deepinder Goyal, Zomato has emerged as a prominent food application.
  • It operates in 24 countries worldwide and boasts 32 million monthly users. Given such huge popularity and high performance of this platform, it is regarded among the top startups in India.

8. Boat – Lifestyle

  • Founded by Aman Gupta in 2016, Boat is yet another example of a successful startup in India. It specialises in electronic goods ranging from earphones to travel chargers.
  • Very few companies have been able to provide top-notch quality of these electronic items at affordable price points. This is one of the many reasons this company has exponentially grown among Indian youths.

DPIIT (DIPP) Recognition | Startup India Registration for Pvt Ltd/ LLP

9. Paytm – FinTech

  • Paytm is a one-stop solution for all financial needs, from bill payments to mobile recharges and money transfers. It was first introduced in the year 2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma.
  • Starting as a simple mobile wallet service, it has now become a leading giant in the FinTech industry, with over 90 million users.

10. Byju’s – Educational Technology

  • With over 10 million users, Byju’s is an online platform that specialises in providing educational courses to students. Tencent and Sofina are among the many investors in this ed-tech startup.
  • It was launched by Byju Raveendran in the year 2015 and has quickly emerged as a leader in the educational technology sector.

Conclusion:

India’s startup market is expected to reach $5 trillion by 2024 instead of just one domain. In addition, the Indian government has also introduced various new policies to help entrepreneurs and enhance the overall growth of the Indian startup ecosystem such as the creation of state-run incubators, tax breaks and other reforms.

Indian B-Schools

INDIAN B-SCHOOLS 2023 – ANALYSIS OF PROS AND CONS

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INDIAN B-SCHOOLS 2023 – ANALYSIS OF PROS AND CONS

Theme:

Indian B-Schools have been a subject of debate for a long term. People once believed that management could not be taught in the classroom — that management education must be based on experience. In this weblog, we are able to discover the effectiveness of Indian B-schools in 2023, with examples and records.

4 IIMs, ISB in top 100 B-schools globally | Mint

Positive Side of Indian B-Schools:

  • Top B-schools are sending their students to big companies for internships to provide them with practical understanding.
  • With increasing Internationalization, Indian B-Schools are improving plenty during the last few years.
  • Indian B-Schools put together college students for the corporate global. They educate dressing etiquette, corporate etiquette, discussion capabilities, teamwork and much more in the path itself.
  • Indian B-schools even have a strong emphasis on realistic mastering. Students are recommended to participate in internships, stay tasks, and case research, which help them develop the talents and information required to tackle actual-world challenges. 
  • This sensible publicity additionally allows college students to build a sturdy community of enterprise connections, which can be priceless on the subject of securing employment opportunities after commencement.

 

Rankings of Indian B-Schools:

According to the Financial Times Global MBA Ranking 2023, the Indian School of Business (ISB) is the very best-ranked enterprise school in India, ranked at 39. Other Indian B-colleges that made it to the top 100 encompass IIM Ahmedabad (51), IIM Bangalore (52), and IIM Calcutta (76). In the QS Global MBA Rankings 2023, ten Indian B-Schools have been ranked inside the top 200 and top 250, respectively.

Placements:

Indian B-schools offer greater structured placements than abroad, as said by the director of IIM Indore. This is a fantastic component for students who want to pursue careers in business.

Scholarships:

Many top universities and applications offer GMAT scholarships for Indian aspirants. However, a high GMAT rating to get a scholarship does not assure your risk as it additionally relies upon the student’s professional and personal profile. It remains recommended to acquire a GMAT score above 700-750 for top B-school scholarships. Some of the top GMAT scholarships supplied through renowned business Schools consist of the Haas School of Business Dr Tahir Fellowship for college students of the undergraduate program from Asian countries and Booth School of Business Akhtar H.

India's Best B-Schools 2022: Top Private Standalone Institutions

Challenges:

Indian B-schools are exceedingly powerful in offering excellent training to college students who need to pursue careers in business. However, instructional research is conserving again Indian schools from further ranking profits. With the exception of ISB, Indian B-colleges are lagging at the back of instructional research, which accounts for 10% of the FT ranking. Only 24 participants inside the listing of two-year programs in BT-MDRA India’s Best B-Schools Survey 2023 have at least one global.

  • Most of the syllabus in Indian B-schools is relevant to the advanced economies of the West but not to growing economies like India.
  • Though some B-schools like IIMs, IITs are competing with global standards. And all the ultimate commercial enterprise schools are not sincerely looking to improve their path requirements.
  • According to the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham), approximately 93% of India’s B-college graduates aren’t genuinely employable.
  • Most of the business colleges in India are going through the troubles like loss of infrastructure, terrible faculty, lack of research opportunities and so on.
  • The Indian Business schools pick out their students in large part on the idea of marks. 
  • Except for more or less 2-3% of B-Schools, it has emerged as an enterprise, with expenses rising as high as 15 lakhs and the number of college students in a category being greater than 200 in a few Schools. Only some colleges have been presenting the right attention to this trouble.
  • Indian MBA colleges have turned out to be placement factories.
  • There is a shortage of properly-trained teachers at higher educational institutes. Even that is the case with the top institutes like IITs, IIMs, and so forth.
  • A shortage of PhDs, delays in recruitment and lack of incentives have been important causes of the incapacity of the institutes to nurture new expertise.
  • The trouble lies now not only in better training but in primary training, in which low-first-class training results in the vulnerable basics of the scholars.
  • Indian B-Schools are placement oriented rather than education orientated.
  • Admission to B-schools isn’t that hard due to the supply of control quota. This diluted price of B-Schools.
  • Over-professionalization of commercial enterprise education is curbing innovation.

India's Best B-Schools 2022: Top Private B-Schools - Pune

Infrastructure in Indian B-Schools: 

Most B-colleges have incredibly certified faculty participants with considerable industry experience, who’re able to offer students insights and views that pass beyond textbook information. The college also serves as a mentor to college students, imparting them with steering and support during their instructional adventures.

Infrastructure is some other critical issue that contributes to the effectiveness of Indian B-schools. Most B-schools have cutting-edge facilities, which include properly-prepared lecture rooms, libraries, and laptop labs, which help college students study in a conducive environment. Many B-schools additionally offer current amenities which include recreational regions, sports centres, and cafeterias, which make contributions to the general gaining knowledge of enjoyment.

Conclusion:

In the end, Indian B-schools are fantastically effective in supplying high-quality training to college students who need to pursue careers in commercial enterprise. However, there is nevertheless room for development, specifically in instructional studies. The scores display that Indian B-schools are making progress and are on par with their American peers. With greater established placements and scholarships. 

Tech Layoffs

A Strong Analysis of Tech Layoffs – 2023

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A Strong Analysis of Tech Layoffs – 2023

Theme:

In the ever-evolving international era, tech layoffs can be a harsh fact. Companies are frequently into layoffs because of diverse motives, together with financial constraints, restructuring, or changes in marketplace demands. Understanding the motives in the back of tech layoffs, gaining knowledge of the way to stay constant, exploring powerful upskilling techniques, and familiarizing oneself with different sorts of layoffs can help navigate those difficult times. 

What are silent layoffs?

Layoff Stats:

In 2023, tech layoffs have yet again cost tens of thousands of workers their jobs, the workforce layoffs have been driven by the biggest names in tech like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Yahoo, Meta and Zoom. Startups, too, have announced cuts across all sectors, from crypto to enterprise SaaS. 

 

The reasoning behind these workforce reductions follows a common script, citing the macroeconomic environment and a need to find discipline on a tumultuous path to profitability. Still, tracking the layoffs helps us to understand the impact on innovation, which companies are facing harsh pressures and who is available to hire for the businesses lucky to be growing right now. It also, unfortunately, serves as a reminder of the human impact of layoffs and how risk profiles may be changing from here. 

The running total of layoffs for 2023 based on full months to date is 2,10,721 according to Layoffs.fyi. Tech layoffs conducted to date this year currently exceed the total number of tech layoffs in 2022, according to the data in the tracker.

January: 84,714 employees were laid off 

February: 36,491 employees were laid off 

March: 37,109 employees were laid off

April: 17,926 employees were laid off 

May: 14,555 employees were laid off 

Life in the time of layoffs: What lies ahead for the tech world? - Exchange4media

For example: 

Taxfix

Announced on May 30 that it has laid off 20% of its body of workers—120 employees.

Meta

Meta announced on May 24 that it’s far laying off approximately 6,000 employees. Overall, about 21,000 employees have lost their jobs at Meta.

JioMart

Reliance Retail’s online shopping platform laid off over 1,000 employees on May 22 and plans to reduce as many as 9,900 extra roles over the coming weeks.

Spotify

Spotify introduced on June 5 that it will cut 2% of jobs in its podcast unit, main to a body of workers. This comes only a few months after the agency announced a tremendous wave of layoffs.

Amazon

Amazon announced on April 26 that it’s shutting down its Halo Health department on July 31, among other divisions. The layoffs are part of the 9,000 personnel introduced in March. Including the 18,000 layoffs introduced in January, this brings the entire to 27,000 process cuts or 8% of Amazon’s corporate team of workers this 12 months.

Reasons for Tech Layoffs: 

  • Economic Downturn: During periods of economic uncertainty or recession, corporations may also revel in a decline in the enterprise, main to layoffs to reduce expenses and ensure sustainability.
  • Technological Advancements: Rapid improvements in generation can render sure activity roles or talents out of date, necessitating layoffs as corporations adapt to live competitively.
  • Restructuring and Reorganization: When corporations undergo mergers, acquisitions, or reorganization, redundancies in roles and positions can also stand up, resulting in layoffs.
  • Cost Reduction: Companies may additionally downsize their group of workers to lessen working fees, particularly whilst confronted with price range constraints or declining sales.
  • Shift in Market Demand: Changes in consumer alternatives or marketplace dynamics can prompt corporations to reevaluate their techniques, mainly to layoffs in unique departments or divisions.

What's driving mass layoffs in the tech sector globally? | Times Special - TOI ePaper

Layoffs vs Firing: 

  • Tech layoffs contain the termination of multiple employees, regularly due to organizational reasons at the same time as firing is the single termination of an employee based totally on performance or behavioural issues. 
  • Tech layoffs are broader in scope and require a based method while firing specializes in person situations and might bring about on-the-spot termination.
  • Understanding those variations can assist employees and task seekers navigate the employment landscape, being robust to ability challenges, and working hard as a result. 
  • It is crucial to remain adaptable, continuously enhance abilities, and hold professionalism to decrease the threat of both tech layoffs and firing.

Consistency in Uncertain Times:

Adaptability: In the face of layoffs, it’s far crucial to stay adaptable and open to exchange. Embrace an increased attitude and be inclined to accumulate new competencies and explore exclusive possibilities.

Networking: Strengthen your professional network by attending enterprise occasions, becoming a member of online groups, and engaging with friends. Networking can offer treasured connections and the ability to process leads.

Continuous Learning: Invest time in expanding your information and skill set. Identify rising traits, do relevant publications or certifications, and live updated with modern-day enterprise traits.

Personal Branding: Enhance your online presence via systems like LinkedIn. Showcase your expertise, and percentage industry insights, and establish yourself as an idea leader for your domain.

Emotional Resilience: Coping with layoffs can be emotionally hard. Take care of your intellectual health, search for assistance from friends and family, and don’t forget professional help if needed.

Upskilling Strategies:

Identify In-Demand Skills: Research the abilities which are in excessive demand inside your industry. Analyze task postings, interact with professionals, and perceive regions where upskilling can beautify your employability.

Online Courses and Certifications: Explore reliable online studying systems that offer publications and certifications relevant to your preferred competencies. Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and LinkedIn Learning offer to get entry to a huge range of courses.

Professional Development Programs: Attend workshops, conferences, and seminars to live updated with enterprise tendencies and expand your network. Many groups provide education packages to assist experts upskill.

Mentorship and Coaching: Seek guidance from skilled specialists for your area via mentorship packages or education periods. They can offer treasured insights and recommendations for professional progression.

Collaborative Projects and Side Hustles: Engage in collaborative initiatives or begin a facet hustle to use and showcase your newly acquired skills. These reports can upload cost to your resume and demonstrate your proactive method.

Tech Layoffs – Jobs in Danger, What should you do to avoid fired?

Types of Layoffs:

Mass Layoffs: Large-scale terminations concerning a big range of personnel due to economic crises, organisation-wide restructuring, or plant closures.

Department-Specific Layoffs: Layoffs targeted on particular departments or divisions inside an organisation because of redundancy or modifications in business strategies.

Voluntary Layoffs: Companies provide employees with the option to voluntarily depart the organization, regularly imparting severance packages or different incentives.

Reduction in Force (RIF): Planned layoffs initiated via companies to downsize their group of workers due to monetary problems, strategic realignment, or mergers/acquisitions.

Outsourcing: Layoffs occur when a business enterprise decides to shift sure operations or process capabilities to outside providers or offshore places.

Conclusion:

Tech layoffs may be a tough revel in, however understanding the reasons in the back of them, retaining consistency, upskilling, and being aware of unique sorts of layoffs can assist specialists navigate this turbulent landscape. By final adaptable, continuously upskilling, and leveraging networking possibilities, people can boom their chances of thriving in the ever-converting tech industry. Remember, setbacks can lead to new opportunities, and with the right attitude and abilities, you can emerge stronger on your professional adventure.

 

Uniform civil code

Uniform Civil Code(UCC) 2023 – The ongoing strong debate

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Uniform Civil Code 2023 – The ongoing strong debate

What is Uniform Civil Code (UCC)?

A Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a set of legal guidelines that would be equal for all spiritual communities in a country. It would cover subjects like marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and associated problems. The idea is to replace the extraordinary personal legal guidelines primarily based on extraordinary non-secular agencies with a single set of legal guidelines that could practice by everybody.

Law Commission seeks views from public, religious bodies on Uniform Civil Code | India News – India TV

The current news on UCC:

  • The Law Commission of India released a public observation searching for feedback on the Uniform Civil Code on 14th June 2023.
  • The previous consultation paper on the Uniform Civil Code became issued by means of the 21st Law Commission in August 2018.
  • The modern notification acknowledges the importance and relevance of the problem, prompting the 22nd Law Commission to revisit it.
  • The Uniform Civil Code goals to create a standard set of legal guidelines for private matters together with marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, and succession.
  • The proposed legal guidelines might be relevant to all citizens no matter their caste, gender, or religion.
  • The Law Commission’s name for evaluations and remarks indicates a radical exam and attention of public opinion.
  • The 5 years between the preceding and contemporary fee’s engagement highlights the importance and complexity of the Uniform Civil Code.
  • The Uniform Civil Code intends to harmonize private legal guidelines across exceptional spiritual groups and set up a unified criminal framework.
  • The Law Commission’s public word shows a dedication to inclusivity and equal treatment under the law for all citizens.
  • The courtroom orders associated with the Uniform Civil Code have contributed to the renewed attention and importance given to this problem with the aid of the Law Commission.

India’s Diversity:

  • Currently, Indian non-public regulation is all fairness complex, with each religion adhering to its unique legal guidelines.
  • Separate legal guidelines/ customs govern Hindus, Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists, Muslims, Christians, and followers of different religions.
  • Moreover, there is diversity even within groups.
  • All Hindus of us of aren’t ruled by using one law, nor are all Muslims or all Christians.
  • For instance, in the Northeast, there are more than 200 tribes with numerous customary legal guidelines.
  • The Constitution itself protects nearby customs in Nagaland. Similar protections are offered in Meghalaya and Mizoram.
  • The exception to this rule is the kingdom of Goa, in which all religions have a commonplace regulation concerning marriages, divorces, and adoption.

Law Commission seeks views from public on Uniform Civil Code

Constitutional position:

  • Article 44 of the Constitution lays down that the nation shall endeavour to stable a UCC for citizens throughout the territory of India.
  • Article 44 is some of the Directive Principles of State Policy.
  • Directive Principles aren’t enforceable via the courtroom but are meant to inform and guide governance.

Previous efforts of UCC:

Shah Bano judgement: In 1986, the Supreme Court’s Shah Bano judgment for renovation was considered a primary step in the direction of UCC. However, it turned into nullification with the aid of the Parliament by passing an amendment to keep the repute quo.

Incremental changes over the years:

  • Incremental change has passed off over a long time.
  • Hindu succession became reformed with the aid of Parliament in 2005, and Christian divorce rights have also been reformed in 2001.
  • The courts have step by step affirmed women’s rights of protection, adoption, and so forth. In various judgments, strengthening reform in minority groups.
  • In 2018, the 21st Law Commission underlined that the Uniform Civil Code is neither important nor ideal at this stage.
  • It argued for reform of own family laws of each religion thru amendments and codification of sure elements to cause them to gender-simply.
  • It in addition stated that cultural diversity can not be compromised to the quantity that our urge for uniformity itself turns into a motive for a risk to the territorial integrity of the kingdom.

Need for UCC:

1. To promote national unity

  • Historically, one of the factors that have stored India back from advancing to nationhood has been the life of personal laws primarily based on religion.
  • These laws maintain the nation divided into watertight cubicles in many components of existence.
  • A uniform regulation made applicable to all would promote national harmony.

2. Different personal laws are put to subversive use

  • There were times of Hindus converted to Islam, as bigamy is a part of Muslim private legal guidelines in the country.

3. To promote gender justice

  • A uniform civil code is needed for gender justice. The rights of ladies are generally limited below non-secular regulations, be they Hindu or Muslim.

4. Not in the domain of religious activities

  • Matters together with inheritance, marriage, divorce etc. Do no longer need to do something with spiritual sports.
  • Hence, any regulation on these elements might no longer amount to the infringement on religious freedom extended via Article 25.

5. The vision of constitution-makers

  • The Constitution makers had an imaginative and prescient to enact UCC in future to have the same set of civil legal guidelines governing all irrespective of religion.
  • Enactment of UCC is needed to fulfil this dream.

The Need for UCC: Uniform Civil Code in India - PA TIMES Online | PA TIMES Online

Arguments against UCC:

1. Diversity cannot be compromised for uniformity

  • The imposition of UCC could lead to overlooking the variety of Indian cultures, customs, ethnicity, languages, religious ideologies and so on.
  • From north to south and from east to west, each state in India has a one-of-a-kind lifestyle and a specific outlook toward existence.

2. Violation of fundamental rights

  • The ideas of marriage, talaq and polygamy are interwoven with the religious and cultural rights of Muslims.
  • State intervention will be the violation of essential rights (Articles 25, 26, 29).

3. Constitution recognises the customary laws and procedures prevailing in NE states

  • In the North Eastern States, the constitution thru the VI schedule recognizes the normal laws and tactics prevailing in their society.
  • Hence, there can be sensible problems in the formulation in addition to the implementation of UCC.

4. Detrimental to communal harmony of India

  • Perception of UCC as an encroachment on spiritual freedom is gaining momentum.
  • In this context, many agree that UCC may be detrimental to the communal concord of India.

Conclusion:

  • Universal Civil Code after the Shah Bano case became the floor for communal politics, forcing the then authorities to nullify the verdict.
  • Hence, we want to follow a backside-up method. The demand for UCC needs to come from human beings.
  • It can emerge through an evolutionary system, which preserves India’s rich legal history, of which all of the non-public laws are identical materials.
  • For this, a debate around the issue may begin with many of the groups. However, these debates have to be commenced with utmost warning in order not to polarize the country. 
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